Borneo is an island, the third largest island in the world, located at the center of Indonesia. Borneo is considered part of the geographic region of Southeast Asia.

Geography

Borneo is surrounded by the South China Sea to the west and northwest, the Sulu Sea to the northeast, the Celebes Sea and the Makassar Strait to the east, and the Java Sea and Karimata Strait to the south.

To the west of Borneo are the Malay Peninsula and Sumatra. To the south is Java. To the east are Sulawesi (Celebes) and the Moluccas. To the northeast are the Philippines.

Administration

Borneo is divided politically into:

The Indonesian provinces of East, South, West and Central Kalimantan.
The Malaysian states of Sabah and Sarawak.
The independent sultanate of Brunei.

History

Borneo was the main site of the Confrontation between Indonesia and Malaysia between 1962 and 1966.

Natural Resources

The Island has lots of rainforests, but the area is shrinking rapidly due to heavy logging for the needs of Malaysian plywood industry and also multinational companies such as Mitsubishi take their share. Actually one half of the annual tropical timber acquisition of the whole world comes from Borneo. Furthermore, Palm plantations are rapidly encroaching on the last remnants of primary rainforest. The Borneo rainforest is the only natural habitat for the endangered orangutan.

Indigenous people (e.g. Kayan, Kenyah, Punan Bah and Penan) living on the island are not too happy about the logging and they try to fight for their rights to preserve their environment.

The type of rainforests found in Borneo include rare peat-swamp forests.

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